P/S- Kepada sesiapa yang ingin mengambil mana-mana maklumat di dalam blog ini perlu menglinkkan semula ke blog ini. Terima kasih.
Natural Science Museum London.
Natural Science Museum London.
Secara tradisionalnya habbatus sauda digunakan untuk meningkatkan taraf kesihatan tubuh badan dan rawatan kepada banyak penyakit seperti demam, selsema, asma, rheumatism, immune disorder , jangkitan kuman, kecacingan, masalah jantung, sakit kepala dan sebagainya.
Penggunaan tradisional habbatus sauda telah menjadi asas kepada banyak kajian yang telah dilakukan oleh para saintis sehingga kini dan membuktikan keberkesanannya sebagai rawatan semulajadi yang diamalkan oleh ramai manusia di kebanyakan Negara di seluruh dunia seperti Mesir, India, Syiria dan sebagainya.
Anti Inflammatory and Anti Rheumatic
Pada Februari 1995, para doktor di King’s College London, U.K (1) menguji penggunaan minyak habbatus sauda untuk penyakit rheumatism dan imflammasi.
Kajian mereka memutuskan bahawa penggunaan Nigella sativa boleh digunakan untuk rawatan penyakit rheumatism dan inflammasi.
Pada tahun 1960, Professor El-Dakhakny melaporkan bahawa minyak habbatus sauda mempunyai kesan anti-inflammasi dan berguna untuk mengurangkan kesan penyakit arthritis.
Pada tahun 2002, di Alexandria Medical Faculty, Alexandria, Egypt (56) dia juga mengkaji berkenaan nigellone dan thymoquinone yang terdapat di dalam habbatus sauda. Sebahagian dari kajiannya menerangkan cara ianya bertindak bagi menyembuhkan penyakit inflammasi(inflammatory disease)
Pada tahun 2001, para doctor di Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, (6) menyiasat penggunaan habbatus sauda sebagai bronchodilator dan spasmolytic.
Sistem pertahanan badan (Immune Sytem Support)
Pada tahun 1986, Dr. Ahmad El-Qadi (Islamabad, Pakistan) dan Dr. Usama Qandil (Florida, USA) mendapati pengambilan 1 gram Habbatus Sauda sebanyak dua kali sehari mempunyai kesan peningkatan yang mengagumkan terhadap fungsi immuniti badan. Penemuan ini dianggap penting untuk memungkinkan penggunaan Habbatus Sauda sebagai bahan peningkatan immuniti semula jadi badan untuk rawatan kanser, AIDS dan penyakit-penyakit yang lain berkaitan kekurangan immuniti badan.
Kajian ini di sahkan oleh sebuah kajian yang dijalankan oleh Dr. Basil Ali dan kawan-kawannya dari College of Medicine at King Faisal University dan diterbitkan dalam Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal pada tahun 1993.
Pada tahun 1997, 5 jenis antibiotic diuji dan dibandingkan dengan aktiviti anti-bakteria yang terdapat dalam habbatus sauda di Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
1) ampicillin,
2) tetracycline,
3) cotrimoxazole,
4) gentamicin,
5) nalidixic acid.
Habbatus sauda dibuktikan lebih berkesan terhadap pelbagai jenis kumpulan bakteria termasuklah bakteria yang tahan daripada dibunuh oleh antibiotik(highly resistant to drugs).
V. cholera, E. coli (pathogen yang selalu dijumpai pada daging yang tidak cukup masak dan boleh menyebabkan keracunan makanan yang teruk), and semua jenis Shigella spesis, kecuali Shigella dysentriae.
AIDS
Kajian oleh Dr. Haq terhadap sukarelawan pesakit AIDS di Department of Biological and Medical Research Centre, Riyadh menunjukkan bahawa Habbatus Sauda berupaya meningkatkan kadar diantara 'helper T-cells' dan 'suppresser T-cells' sebanyak 55%. Aktiviti 'natural killer cells' juga menunjukkan peningkatan purata sebanyak 30%.
Tahan sakit (Analgesic)
Pada tahun 2001 di King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, Dr Al-Ghamdi mengkaji anti-inflammasi, tahan sakit(analgesic) dan anti-pyretik(antipyretic) yang ada pada habbatus sauda.
Dia menyimpulkan bahawa, “ Kajian menyokong penggunaan habbatus sauda sebagai tahan sakit(analgesic) dan ejen anti-inflammasi (anti-inflammatory agent).
Kesan anti-inflammasinya juga disokong oleh kajian yang dilakukan pada tahun 2003 di King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
Antibiotik (Antibiotics)
Pada tahun 2005 di King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, para saintis mengkaji kesan habbatus sauda apabila bertindak bersama antibiotik oxytetracycline(antibiotik yang selalu digunakan untuk mengubati jangkitan kuman pada salur pernafasan dan saluran kencing) pada burung merpati.
Mereka memutuskan bahawa dengan menambahkan habbatus sauda kepada pemakanan burung merpati ianya bertindak sebagai pertahanan kepada system imun badan apabila penggunaan antibiotic untuk sakit kronik diperlukan.
Saluran pernafasan (Respiratory System)
Di kebanyakan Negara Asia, habbatus sauda digunakan untuk mengubati asma. Nigellone(a carbonyl polymer of thymoquinone) telah terbukti sebagai ejen pencegahan yang berkesan untuk penyakit bronchial asthma dan asthmatic bronchitis terutamanya apabila digunakan untuk kanak-kanak.
Anti Kanser (Anti Cancer)
Habbatus sauda dipandang serius dalam penggunaannya sebagai rawatan kanser. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) telah mempatenkan 2 paten habbatus sauda untuk rawatan kanser dan pencegahan kesan sampingan daripada rawatan kemoterapi anti-kanser(anti cancer chemotherapy) dan meningkatkan fungsi system imun badan.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,711 and 5,653,981.
Pada tahun 1991, di Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India, kajian mencadangkan bahawa habbatus sauda mempunyai keberkesanan sebagai ejen kemoterapi(chemotherapeutic agent). Dalam kajian yang lain, habbatus sauda boleh mengurangkan kesan sampingan yang disebabkan oleh ejen kemoterapi seperti cisplastin dan doxorubicin.
Rawatan tumor (Tumour therapy)
Pada tahun 1997 di Cancer Research Laboratory of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA, telah dibuktikan bahawa minyak habbatus sauda berjaya sebagai terapi tumor tanpa kesan sampingan seperti ejen kemoterapi yang lain.
Mereka mendapati habbatus sauda meningkatkan kadar pertumbuhan sel tulang(bone marrow cells) sehingga 250% dan merencatkan pertumbuhan sel tumor sebanyak 50%. Ia merangsang sel imun dan meningkatkan penghasilan interferon yang mana mempertahankan sel badan daripada dimusnahkan oleh virus.
Mereka mengesahkan ia mempunyai kesan antibakteria dan anti-mycotic serta merendahkan paras gula dalam darah yang mana ianya penting dalam rawatan kencing manis.
Mereka menyimpulkan bahawa system imun badan akan mengesan dan memusnahkan sel kanser sebelum sel kanser itu membahayakan pesakit. Mereka juga menyimpulkan bahawa habbatus sauda merupakan calon yang sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai pencegah kanser dan pengubatannya.
Kanser payudara (Breast Cancer)
Pada tahun 2003 di Jackson State University, USA, para doctor berminat terhadap habbatus sauda apabila mendengar ianya digunakan untuk rawatan berbagai jenis penyakit secara tradisional telah memutuskan untuk mengkaji kesan habbatus sauda terhadap pencegahan kanser.
Mereka mendedahkan sel kanser payudara kepada habbatus sauda dan sel kanser tersebut menjadi tidak aktif. Lalu mereka memutuskan bahawa penggunaan habbatus sauda mempunyai harapan dalam mencegah dan merawat kanser.
Kanser kolon (Cancer of the Colon)
Pada tahun yang sama para doctor di Osaka City University Medical School in Japan menguji kesan habbatus sauda ke atas kanser kolon dan kajian menunjukkan bahawa habbatus sauda menghalang pertumbuhan sel kanser pada fasa awal.
Pada tahun 2004 di American University of Beirut, Lebanon, thymoquinone diekstrak daripada habbatus sauda untuk diuji sekiranya ia boleh merangsang kemusnahan sel kanser kolon. Jadi mereka menyimpulkan bahawa thymoquinone mempunyai potensi untuk merawat kanser kolon.
Anti fungal ; Anti bacterial (candida)
Pada tahun 2003, di Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, mereka mengkaji kesan anti-fungi yang terdapat pada habbatus sauda. Candida(sejenis fungi) di suntik ke dalam badan tikus dan dibiarkan menjangkiti limpa, hati dan buah pinggang.
Ekstrak habbatus sauda diberi kepada tikus yang mana memberi kesan menghalang pertumbuhan candida di dalam organ tikus.
Mereka menyimpulkan bahawa ekstrak habbatus sauda mempunyai kesan menghalang pertumbuhan candida dan penggunaannya secara tradisional dalam rawatan jangkitan fungi adalah valid.
Salur darah tersumbat (Thrombosis)
Kajian hematologi ke atas habbatus sauda di buat pada tahun 2001 di Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan dan mereka menyimpulkan habbatus sauda mempunyai aktiviti yang lebih daripada aspirin dalam rawatan salur darah tersumbat(thrombosis).
Cacing (Cestodes (worms) in children)
Pada tahun 1991 di University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, kesan anti-kecacingan yang terdapat pada habbatus sauda dikaji ke atas kanak-kanak yang mendapat jangkitan cacing. Mereka menyimpulkan habbatus sauda mempunyai bahan aktif yang menentang cacing dalam badan.
Habbatus sauda dijumpai mempunyai kesan anti-kecacingan terhadap cacing pita apabila dibandingkan dengan piperazine(sejenis anti-parasit).
Diterjemahkan dari sumber asal di bawah.
Natural Science Museum London.
Traditionally used for the promotion of good health and for many ailments, including fever, immune system, common cold, asthma, rheumatism, immune disorders, metabolic disorders, microbial infections, intestinal worms, cardiovascular complaints, headaches etc..
The traditional uses for Black seed have been the foundation for many of the studies so far made and have clarified its popularity as a natural remedy for so many centuries in so many lands.
Anti Inflammatory and Anti Rheumatic
In February 1995, Dr’s at the King's College London, U.K. (1) tested Black seed oil’s use for rheumatism and inflammatory diseases.
They concluded that their studies supported the traditional use of Nigella sativa as a treatment for rheumatism and related inflammatory diseases.
In 1960, Professor El-Dakhakny reported that black seed oil has an anti-inflammatory effect and that it could be useful for relieving the effects of arthritis.
In 2002, at the Alexandria Medical Faculty, Alexandria, Egypt (56) he also studied the effectiveness of nigellone and thymoquinone whereby his research partly explained the mode of action of Black seed’s volatile oils in ameliorating inflammatory diseases.
In 2001, Drs at the Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, (6) investigated the uses of Black seed for its Bronchodilator and spasmolytic qualities.
Their studies concluded that Black seed’s usefulness for diarrhoea and asthma in traditional medicine appeared to be based on a sound mechanistic background.
Immune Sytem Support
As a natural remedy people take Black seed or oil as a promoter of good health and for the prevention of common cold and asthma.
In 1986, Drs El-Kadi and Kandil at I.I.M.E.R. Panama City, Florida, investigated the effect of Black seed on the immune system and studied the effect of 1g taken twice daily in human volunteers.
They concluded, "These findings may be of great practical significance since a natural immune enhancer like the black seed could play an important role in the treatment of cancer, AIDS, and other disease conditions associated with immune deficiency states."
These results were confirmed by a study published in the Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal in 1993 by Dr. Basil Ali and his colleagues from the College of Medicine at King Faisal University.
5 Antibiotics Tested In 1997 researchers at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, conducting a study in which the antibacterial activity of the volatile oil of black seed was compared with five antibiotics:
1) ampicillin,
2) tetracycline,
3) cotrimoxazole,
4) gentamicin,
5) nalidixic acid.
The oil proved to be more effective against many strains of bacteria, including those known to be highly resistant to drugs.
V. cholera, E. coli (a common infectious agent found in undercooked meats), and all strains of Shigella spp., except Shigella dysentriae.
Most strains of Shigella have been shown to rapidly become resistant to commonly used antibiotics and chemotheraputic agents.
AIDS
Dr. Haq in research on human volunteers at the Department of Biological and Medical Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia showed that black seed enhanced the ratio between helper T-cells and suppresser T-cells by 55% with a 30% average enhancement of the natural killer cell activity.
Dr. Haq in research on human volunteers at the Department of Biological and Medical Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia showed that black seed enhanced the ratio between helper T-cells and suppresser T-cells by 55% with a 30% average enhancement of the natural killer cell activity.
These results are effective enough to consider the oil being used in the treatment of AIDS and the findings of this paper caught the attention of the Archives of AIDS where they were duly published.
Analgesic
In 2001 at the King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, Dr Al-Ghamdi investigated black seed’s anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
He concluded “This study therefore, supports its use in folk medicine both as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent and calls for further investigations to elucidate its mechanism of action."
The anti inflammatory effects were also supported by research in 2003 at the King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
Antibiotics
In 2005 at the King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia they studied the effects of black seed in conjunction with the anti biotic oxytetracycline (OXT) in pigeons
(An anti biotic commonly used to treat infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts.)
They concluded the addition of Black seed to the feed of pigeons could act as an immunoprotective agent when chronic administration of antibiotics are considered.
Respiratory System
In most Asian countries Black seed and it’s oil are commonly used for the treatment of asthma. Nigellone (a carbonyl polymer of thymoquinone) has proved to be an excellent prophylactic agent for both bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis and has proved to be more effective in children than adults.
Anti Cancer
Black seed has been treated as a serious herbal remedy for the treatment of cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have granted 2 patents for treating cancer, preventing the side effects of anti cancer chemotherapy, and forincreasing the immune system functions in humans. U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,711 and 5,653,981.
At the Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India in 1991 studies suggested that Black seed has efficacy as a chemotherapeutic agent. In other studies made it was found that Black seed diminishes toxic side effects caused by several other chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin.
Tumour therapy
In 1997 at the Cancer Research Laboratory of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA, it was proven that Black seed oil had enormous success in tumour therapy without the negative side effects of common chemo-therapy.
They found that it increased the growth rate of bone marrow cells by a staggering 250% and it inhibited tumour growth by 50%. It stimulated immune cells and raised the interferon production which protect cells from the cell destroying effect of viruses.
They confirmed the strongly anti-bacterial and anti-mycotic effects and that it has an effect in lowering the blood sugar level which is essential for the treatment of diabetes.
They concluded that a healthy immune system will detect and destroy cancer cells before the cancer endangers the patient. They concluded that Black seed oil is an ideal candidate for use in cancer prevention and cure and that it has remarkable promises for clinical use.
Breast Cancer
In 2003 at the Jackson State University, USA, Dr,s who were interested how Black seed had been used for such a long time for the treatment of so many acute ailments decided to study Black seed’s effectiveness in cancer prevention.
They exposed breast cancer cells to black seed extracts, the breast cancer cells were inactivated whereby they concluded that Black seed had promising results in the field of prevention and treatment of cancer.
Cancer of the Colon
Also in the same year Dr,s at the Osaka City University Medical School in Japan, tested Black seed for cancer of the colon where there studies displayed that Black seed inhibited the growth of cancer in the postinitiation stage.
In 2004 at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, thymoquinone extracted from black seed was investigated to see if it triggers apoptotic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells. They concluded that thymoquinone has the potential for the treatment of colon cancer.
Anti Tumour Effects
In 1991 at the Amala Research Center in Amala Nagar, Kerala (India) studies confirmed the use of black seed oil as an anti tumour agent.
A second common type of cancer cells, Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells were also used. Mice which had received the EAC cells and black seed remained normal without any tumour formation, illustrating that the active principle was 100% effective in preventing EAC tumour development.
Anti fungal ; Anti bacterial (candida)
In 2003 at the Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, the anti fungal activity of Black seed was studied. Candida was inoculated in mice whereby the spleen liver and kidneys were infected.
Extracts from Black seed were fed to the mice which caused a considerable inhibitory effect on the growth of the organism in all organs.
They concluded that aqueous extract of Black seed exhibited inhibitory effect against candidiasis and that the traditional use of the plant in fungal infections was valid.
In 2005, in the Pakistan Journal of Medical Science, a paper was published where the antibacterial and antifungal effects of black seed were tested against standard and hospital strains of Candida albicans.nd Pseudomonas aeroginosa.
They were also investigated and compared with standard drugs, clotrimazole (an anti-fungal ointment used to topically treat vaginal candidiasis and candida of the scrotum and anus.), cloxacillin (a semisynthetic antibiotic in the same class as penicillin.) and gentamicin (an anti biotic.) respectively.
They concluded that their results are in agreement with others who showed that Black seed extracts produce antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microbes and especially on multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Diabetes
In 2002 at the Gifu University, Japan, studies concluded that Black seed may be of significant value to sufferers of Diabetes 2.
In1991 at the Kuwait University, the mechanism of action was studied for Black seed whereby they concluded that extracts may prove to be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
In 2003 three faculties in Van, Turkey came together and confirmed that black seed brought the lowered sugar level was brought back to the control level in diabetic rabbits.
In 2004 at the Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey they tested the effects of Nigella sativa on diabetic rats.
They concluded that black seed treatment exerts a therapeutic protective effect in diabetes.
Thrombosis
Hematological studies on Black seed oil were made in 2001 at the Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan. They concluded that there was more potent activity than aspirin, well known as a remedy for thrombosis.
Cestodes (worms) in children
In 1991 at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, the anticestodal effect of Black seed was studied in children who had been naturally infected. They concluded that black seed contained active principles effective against these worms.
In 2007, Abdulelah and Zainal-Abidin investigated the anti-malarial activities of different extracts of N.sativa seeds against P. berghei. Results indicated strong biocidal effects against the parasite.
Black seed was found to have an anthelmintic activity against tapeworm comparable tothat of piperazine. The pure essential oil showed activity against Monezia insheep comparable to niclosamide
Rujukan:
